PA11 is D- PA12 is D+Table 9 in the datasheet (not the reference manual) tells us that AF setting 10 gives us USB function for these pins.
Now we go to the GPIO section of the reference manual. A nice thing about the F411 as compared to the F103 is that there is no AFIO gadget, it is all managed as part of the GPIO. We set the mode bits to get AF, and then the output type to push pull and hopefully this will work.
Tom's Computer Info / tom@mmto.org